MORNING EDITION  ·  Wednesday, July 15, 2026
30-YR UST 4.90%  ·  VIX 16.2
The Brookside Brief — badger mascot
The

BROOKSIDEBRIEF

Equities  ·  Macro  ·  Crypto  ·  Markets
The Morning Brief

Today's Briefing Admin Mode

Select a past edition from the archive below.


Drag & drop a .docx brief here, or click to browse. Files named brookside-brief-YYYY-MM-DD.docx are dated automatically.
Saved “brookside-brief-2026-06-09.docx” to your archive for Tuesday, June 9, 2026.
The Brookside Brief
A morning briefing on markets, macro, and the day ahead
Tuesday, June 16, 2026 · 9:30 AM ET

MORNING EDITION · TUESDAY, JUNE 16, 2026 · 10-YR UST 4.43% · VIX 16.2

Daily Markets Briefing

The Brookside Brief

Markets · Macro · The Day Ahead

EDITOR'S NOTE — A CORRECTION WE OWE YOU

In recent briefs we framed the post-Iran-deal setup as decisively dovish, with December rate-hike odds 'falling to 11%' and the bond market 'pricing 60 bps of 2026 cuts.' A careful recheck of CME FedWatch and rates-strategist consensus this morning shows that framing was directionally wrong. Fed-funds futures are currently pricing roughly a 60% probability of at least one HIKE by year-end (not cuts), and the consensus dot-plot expectation tomorrow is a shift from the March median's implied 'one 2026 cut' to 'no cuts and a possible hike bias.' Several Wall Street desks now expect three FOMC voting members to project hikes in their individual dots. We will be more rigorous on rate-path data going forward. The rest of today's brief is built on the corrected framework.

1. THE MORNING SETUP

Good morning. Two stories sit at the top of the tape, and they are pulling in opposite directions. The first is, on its face, unambiguously risk-positive: President Trump announced Sunday evening that 'a deal with Iran is now complete,' with an official signing ceremony scheduled for Friday in Switzerland. Markets rallied hard Monday — the S&P 500 added 1.49% to 7,554.29, the Nasdaq Composite gained 2.38% to 26,683.94, the Dow rose 1.20% to 51,671.03. Oil cratered further: WTI is now around $77.31, Brent fell below $80 on reporting that the U.S. will allow Iran to sell oil immediately. VIX collapsed to 16.20.

The second — and competing — story is the rates tape. Despite the Iran deal and the oil collapse, the 10-year Treasury yield is HIGHER this morning at 4.43%, the 30-year is at 4.90%, and the dollar has firmed (DXY 99.57). The bond market is doing something important here: it is choosing to weight the hawkish reality of tomorrow's dot plot over the dovish read of the oil collapse. CME FedWatch now implies roughly a 60% probability of at least one rate HIKE by year-end. Yields up + oil down + dollar up is not the dovish-easing trade; it is the markets-pricing-a-hawkish-Warsh trade. Today's brief takes that seriously.

Layered on top of all of this is SPCX. SpaceX closed Monday at $177.99 — up 31.8% from its $135 IPO price in two sessions. The implied market cap is roughly $2.33 trillion. Institutional demand has been ferocious. And yet, sitting underneath the euphoria is a credible bear case that deserves a careful airing — one we found well-summarized in a recent Substack note circulating among institutional desks (see Section 7), reinforced by The Observation Post analysis and Sam Altman's 'ridiculous' characterization of orbital data centers. The thesis depends on a chain of assumptions about cost, bandwidth, hardware lifecycle, and capital allocation that, if any single link breaks, materially shifts the case Damodaran walked through.

Today's main event is the start of the FOMC two-day meeting. The decision and dot plot arrive tomorrow at 2:00 p.m. ET — Chair Warsh's first. The hold itself is essentially priced at 96%. The entire show is the dot plot and the press conference: does Warsh kill the rate-cut trade for good (the Investing.com headline framing), or leave a narrow path back to easing? May retail sales also Wednesday at 8:30. Until then, today is a relatively quiet data session.

2. MARKETS AT A GLANCE

U.S. EQUITY FUTURES (PRE-OPEN, AHEAD OF FOMC)

Asset

Last

Change

% Chg

S&P 500 (ES)

7,540

-14

-0.19%

Nasdaq 100 (NQ)

26,580

-35

-0.13%

Dow (YM)

51,575

-96

-0.19%

Russell 2000 (RTY)

2,355

-7

-0.30%

PRIOR CLOSE (MONDAY, JUNE 15 — IRAN-DEAL RALLY)

Asset

Last

Change

% Chg

S&P 500

7,554.29

+111.25

+1.49%

Nasdaq Composite

26,683.94

+619.85

+2.38%

Dow Jones Industrial Avg.

51,671.03

+612.20

+1.20%

Russell 2000

2,361.10

+18.55

+0.79%

VIX

16.20

-1.48

-8.37%

RATES & FX — YIELDS UP DESPITE IRAN DEAL

Asset

Last

Change

% Chg

UST 2-Year

4.32%

+4 bps

UST 10-Year

4.43%

+5 bps

UST 30-Year

4.90%

+4 bps

10-Yr TIPS (real)

2.14%

+3 bps

DXY (Dollar Index)

99.57

-0.06

-0.06%

EUR/USD

1.0735

+0.0010

+0.09%

USD/JPY

156.20

+0.30

+0.19%

COMMODITIES & CRYPTO

Asset

Last

Change

% Chg

WTI Crude (Jul)

$77.31

-$2.40

-3.01%

Brent Crude (Aug)

$79.85

-$3.32

-3.99%

Gold (spot)

$1,778

-$22

-1.22%

Silver (spot)

$20.95

-$0.18

-0.85%

Bitcoin

$86,400

+$1,800

+2.13%

ASIA & EUROPE (INTRADAY)

Asset

Last

Change

% Chg

Nikkei 225

39,770

+38

+0.10%

Hang Seng

21,950

-310

-1.40%

Australia ASX 200

8,478

-3

-0.04%

Stoxx Europe 600

571.40

+2.30

+0.40%

FTSE 100

8,870

+53

+0.60%

DAX

20,510

+85

+0.42%

3. TOP STORIES

Iran Deal 'Complete' — Friday Signing in Switzerland, U.S. to Allow Iran Oil Sales Immediately

President Trump's Sunday-night announcement on Truth Social that 'a deal with Iran is now complete' was confirmed Monday morning by Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, who indicated the official signing ceremony will take place Friday in Switzerland. Reporting overnight added a key detail: the U.S. will allow Iran to sell oil immediately under the terms of the deal, ahead of formal sanctions relief. The Strait of Hormuz is expected to reopen to commercial tanker traffic within thirty days. Equity markets responded as you would expect (S&P +1.49%, Nasdaq Comp +2.38%, Dow +1.20%); oil cratered (WTI to $77.31, Brent below $80 for the first time since April); VIX collapsed to 16.20. What did NOT happen, and which is the subject of Section 4, is the dovish rates rally one might have expected. Yields actually rose. That is the bond market telling us something about tomorrow's dot plot.

SPCX Closes Monday at $177.99 — Up 31.8% From IPO in Two Sessions

SpaceX's first two trading sessions have been everything the syndicate could have wanted. Friday's open at $150 cleared the $135 IPO price by 11%; the intraday high reached $176.52; the Friday close was $161.11. Monday added another 10.5% to close at $177.99. The implied market capitalization is now roughly $2.33 trillion — above Tesla and just below Microsoft. The institutional book that closed four-times oversubscribed appears to be defending the price aggressively, and retail flow is reportedly heavy. Whether this is sustainable through the post-IPO lock-up structure and into the first earnings print is precisely what today's Sector Spotlight unpacks.

FOMC Begins Today — 'Will Warsh Kill the Rate Cut Trade for Good?'

The two-day FOMC meeting begins behind closed doors today, with the decision, statement, and Summary of Economic Projections arriving tomorrow at 2:00 p.m. ET. Chair Warsh's press conference follows at 2:30. The hold at 3.50–3.75% is priced at 96% per CME FedWatch. The entire show is the dot plot. The March 2026 dot plot had a median funds rate of 3.4% — implying one cut in 2026. Strategist consensus this morning is that the June plot shifts the 2026 median to 3.6% (no cuts), with at least three voting members submitting dots that imply HIKES. Fed-funds futures are pricing roughly a 60% probability of at least one hike by December. The risk in the dot plot is asymmetric in the OTHER direction from what we framed Friday: a median dot consistent with no cuts validates the hawkish bond-market positioning; a median dot with one cut would actually be a dovish surprise relative to consensus. One wildcard: most Fed watchers expect Warsh to withhold his own dot, citing his stated skepticism of forward guidance and the brevity of his tenure.

Tesla Bid on SPCX Comp; Adobe Stabilizes at $445

Two equity stories in the AI complex are worth tracking today. Tesla closed Monday at $351 (+3.8%) as the SPCX trading establishes a fresh comparable for the Musk-empire valuation math — analysts increasingly model Tesla's Optimus optionality off the SpaceX trading multiple, which is a tailwind for now. Separately, Adobe stabilized at $445 Monday, finding support near the $440 technical level after Friday's −7% Firefly miss. The post-earnings damage appears digested, with the $25 billion buyback authorization providing real support.

Retail Sales Wednesday — The Last Data Print Before the Dot Plot

May retail sales lands tomorrow at 8:30 a.m., shortly before the FOMC decision. Consensus is +0.3% headline and +0.4% ex-autos. A soft consumer print on top of the Iran deal and soft CPI gives Warsh genuine cover to lean dovish in the dot plot. A hot print — particularly if energy-driven goods are still elevated — complicates the picture. The interplay between the 8:30 data and the 2:00 p.m. dot plot is the cleanest single test of the dovish setup we have seen all year.

4. MACRO & FED WATCH — WHY YIELDS ARE UP WITH OIL DOWN

The most important macro signal of the last 48 hours is not the equity rally; it is the yield curve's reaction to the Iran deal. Brent fell roughly $13 from its early-June peak. WTI fell roughly $9. And yet the 10-year nominal yield is UP 5 basis points to 4.43%, the 30-year is UP 4 bps to 4.90%, and the 10-year TIPS real yield is UP 3 bps to 2.14%. Under any normal interpretation of the inflation-expectations / real-rates mechanics we walked through Friday, that should not happen. Lower oil should depress inflation breakevens, which should pull both nominal yields and real yields lower. That the curve is doing the opposite tells us the bond market is pricing a hawkish Warsh outcome that overwhelms the oil-driven inflation-expectations relief.

Specifically: CME FedWatch implies a ~96% probability of a hold tomorrow but assigns roughly a 60% probability that the funds rate sits at LEAST 25 bps HIGHER by year-end (versus ~5% odds of a cut by December). That is a complete inversion of the framing we carried into last week's brief, and we owe readers the correction. The driver is twofold. First, May PPI printed hot at +1.1% — the bond market is taking the inflation signal more seriously than the equity tape did. Second, and more important, Warsh's pre-Fed track record is genuinely hawkish; his published commentary has consistently pushed for faster rate normalization than the Powell consensus. The expectation now is that his first dot plot validates that posture.

Chair Warsh's 2:30 p.m. press conference is the swing factor. We expect the statement language to drop the easing-bias phrasing (a meaningful hawkish signal per JPMorgan's rates desk), the dot plot to show a median 2026 funds rate of 3.6% (no cuts) with three dots in the hike camp, and Warsh's press conference to be deliberately ambiguous on the durability of the Iran peace and the need to 'see persistence' before easing. If all three deliver, the 10-year breaks 4.50% by Thursday. If Warsh leaves a clear dovish door open — for instance by emphasizing the Iran-deal disinflation pathway — we get a violent reversal of this morning's setup. The risk dispersion is wide, in BOTH directions.

5. ECONOMIC CALENDAR — THIS WEEK

Day

Time (ET)

Release

Consensus / Actual

Sun 6/14

PM

Trump: Iran deal 'complete'

Signing Fri in Switzerland

Mon 6/15

Open

SPCX trades to $177.99

+10.5% on day; +31.8% from IPO

Tue 6/16

9:00 AM

NAHB Housing Index (Jun)

36

Tue 6/16

All day

FOMC meeting begins

Wed 6/17

8:30 AM

Retail Sales (May)

+0.3% m/m

Wed 6/17

8:30 AM

Housing Starts / Permits

1.35M / 1.40M

Wed 6/17

2:00 PM

FOMC + Dot Plot — KEY

Hold; Warsh's first

Wed 6/17

2:30 PM

Warsh Press Conference

Thu 6/18

8:30 AM

Initial Jobless Claims

225K

Thu 6/18

8:30 AM

Philly Fed Mfg Index

-1.0

Fri 6/19

Open

Iran deal signing ceremony

Switzerland

6. EARNINGS WATCH

The calendar is quiet this week. Smucker, Kroger, and Restoration Hardware are the consumer-side reports worth a glance; Lululemon's analyst day yesterday produced no meaningful surprises. The Q2 reporting season formally begins July 14 with JPMorgan, Wells Fargo, and Citigroup. The intervening four-week window is essentially pure macro: this week's FOMC, then early-July labor data, then bank earnings.

Within the AI complex, the next major print is Adobe's Q3 in mid-September. The post-CrowdStrike/Salesforce/Adobe pattern suggests a difficult earnings environment for AI software through summer. The AI-infrastructure complex (Dell, HPE, Nvidia) gets its next read in early August with Nvidia's Q2.

7. SECTOR SPOTLIGHT: THE OTHER SIDE OF THE SPCX TRADE

With SPCX up 31.8% from its IPO mark in two sessions, this is the right moment to balance the breathless coverage with a careful airing of the bear case. We draw on a recent Substack note circulating among institutional desks (linked in our footer), the Observation Post's published analysis of SpaceX's AI1 orbital-data-center disclosure, and broader independent commentary including Sam Altman's now-famous characterization of orbital data centers as 'ridiculous.' The skeptic case rests on five connected propositions.

First, the capital intensity of orbital data centers is meaningfully higher than the terrestrial alternative — by roughly a 5x factor. Independent industry estimates put orbital data-center capital costs at $50–100 million per megawatt of AI compute, against $10–20 million per MW for terrestrial hyperscale infrastructure. SpaceX's AI1 satellite, as disclosed at the CES showcase earlier this year and detailed by Tom's Hardware, carries a 120 kW compute payload (peak 150 kW) on a vehicle wider than a Boeing 747. The chart below puts the cost gap in plain visual terms.

Fig. 1 — Capital cost per MW of AI compute, orbital vs terrestrial. Ranges per industry estimates.

Second, bandwidth physics is unkind to orbital training workloads. Current Starlink laser inter-satellite links operate around 200 Gbps; next-generation hardware targets 1 Tbps. By contrast, NVIDIA's NVL72 reference architecture uses fabric exceeding 1.8 Tbps per GPU for intra-cluster communication, and any credible AI training cluster requires at least 400–800 Gbps per GPU with sub-microsecond latencies. Inference is less demanding but still constrained by sustained throughput. The bandwidth gap matters because it caps the workload mix that can be plausibly run on-orbit — and pushes the economics decisively toward low-utilization scenarios, which are precisely where the 5x capex premium becomes hardest to defend.

Fig. 2 — Bandwidth per link / per GPU. Orbital interconnect lags terrestrial training requirements by ~4x.

Third, the hardware lifecycle problem. Starlink satellites are designed for five-to-seven-year operational lives, after which they de-orbit and burn up. That model works fine for communications hardware but creates a structural problem for compute: when the satellite reaches end-of-life, the GPUs on board (which by then are several generations behind) cannot be retrieved or upgraded. The result is a continuous stream of stranded compute being de-orbited and replaced at fresh capex cost — a dynamic that compounds the 5x capex disadvantage over the long term.

Fourth, the AI1 deployment depends on Starship reaching its aspirational unit economics. The AI1 satellite is, by SpaceX's own disclosure, too large for the Falcon 9 fleet that has been the company's commercial workhorse. Starship is technically impressive but has not yet demonstrated the cost-per-kilogram-to-orbit that the AI1 deployment economics require. If Starship's cost curve resembles Falcon 9's eight-year arc rather than its aggressive forward case, the AI-data-center thesis slips by years.

Fifth — and most pointed — the capital allocation question. The reporting around the SpaceX/xAI structural relationship has consistently highlighted that capital generated by Starlink's commercial business is being directed toward xAI's compute build-out. The skeptic's framing here is direct: this IPO turns the broader public investor into the supplier of capital for a vertically-integrated AI venture whose ultimate winner — xAI — is the same controlling shareholder's other privately-held company. That is not a unique structure in technology M&A, but at $1.77 trillion it is unusually consequential.

Fig. 3 — SPCX two-day trading. Closing $177.99 implies a $2.33T market cap.

THE SKEPTIC'S PUNCHLINE

None of these five points are arguments that SpaceX is a bad company — it manifestly is not. The company is a generational engineering achievement, and the launch business is the cleanest moat in commercial aerospace. The skeptic's question is narrower: at $1.77 trillion of IPO valuation and $2.33 trillion of intraday market cap, is the orbital-AI optionality embedded in the price defensible on a DCF basis? Damodaran's $1.3 trillion estimate said no. The Observation Post analysis says no. Sam Altman said the same. The buy-side, four-times-oversubscribed institutional book and the +32% two-day move say yes. We have no high-conviction call here. We do think the bear case is materially stronger than the price discovery to date has reflected, and we expect the dispersion of views to widen — not narrow — over the first six months of trading.

The investable implication. We are not short SPCX. We are not long SPCX either. We are, however, increasingly inclined to favor the picks-and-shovels of the AI buildout (the AI-power complex, the physical-AI specialty suppliers we walked through last week, Microsoft and Alphabet within the hyperscalers) over the headline OEMs whose valuations now embed orbital-AI optionality that is far from de-risked. We will revisit this thesis in detail after SPCX's first earnings print.

8. ANALYST CALLS DRIVING ACTION

Notable upgrades / target hikes: Bank of America raised Microsoft (MSFT) PT to $590 on the broader peace-dividend math. Goldman raised Constellation Energy (CEG) PT to $445. Wedbush reiterated Outperform on Tesla (TSLA) at $510 on the SPCX-comparable read-through. JPMorgan raised airlines (DAL, UAL, LUV) again on the durable jet-fuel windfall.

Notable downgrades / target cuts: Bernstein cut energy majors (XOM, CVX) further on the Iran deal. Wells Fargo trimmed defense primes (LMT, RTX, NOC). Notably, no major desk has yet initiated SPCX coverage — the standard 25-day quiet period for syndicate research is still running, with first ratings expected the week of July 7.

9. STOCKS TO WATCH

SpaceX (SPCX) — Up 31.8% from IPO in two sessions; closed Monday at $177.99. Watch the $180 level and any institutional book defense as it trades through the day.

Tesla (TSLA) — Bid on SPCX-comparable math. The cleanest indirect Musk-empire play.

Microsoft (MSFT) / Alphabet (GOOGL) — Cleaner capex-to-revenue conversion than Oracle/Meta. BofA MSFT to $590.

Symbotic (SYM) / Cognex (CGNX) / Teradyne (TER) — Physical-AI picks-and-shovels; benefit from lower-real-rate environment.

Constellation Energy (CEG) / Vistra (VST) / Talen Energy (TLN) — Goldman CEG $445 PT; the contracted-cash-flow case remains intact.

GE Vernova (GEV) / Eaton (ETN) / Quanta Services (PWR) — Electrification picks-and-shovels.

BWX Technologies (BWXT) / Cameco (CCJ) — SMR fuel and uranium; multi-year highs holding.

Airlines (DAL, UAL, LUV) — Cleanest near-term Iran-peace beneficiary; JPMorgan PT raises across the board.

Adobe (ADBE) — Stabilizing at $445 post-Firefly miss. Watch for follow-through or another leg lower.

Energy majors (XOM, CVX) — Under sustained pressure. The reverse of the past month's hedge; reducing exposure on rallies.

TLT (20+ Yr Treasury ETF) — Beneficiary of the peace dividend; watch how it trades through tomorrow's dot plot.

10. GLOBAL MACRO SNAPSHOT

Europe: Stoxx 600 up 0.40% intraday, in all-time-high territory. FTSE 100 up 0.6%, DAX up 0.4%. June ZEW survey lands today; recovery from May expected. European energy underperformed on the crude pullback; industrials and travel led the tape.

Asia: A mixed session, not the risk-on extension you would have predicted from Monday's U.S. rally. The Nikkei closed essentially flat at +0.10%. The Hang Seng FELL 1.4% on renewed China property-sector concerns and disappointing May credit data out of Beijing. ASX was unchanged. The contrast with Monday's U.S. tape highlights how much of the U.S. rally was specifically about the Iran deal rather than a global risk-on impulse.

Emerging markets: A mixed bag. India and Korea bid on lower oil. China weaker on the credit data. Brazil and Mexico flat on the commodity-export math; LATAM equity broadly in line. The dollar strength is the constraining variable for the EM complex despite the lower-oil tailwind.

11. WEEK AHEAD PREVIEW

One event dominates the rest of the week.

(1) Wednesday 2:00 p.m. — FOMC + dot plot. Warsh's first. The decisive macro event of the month.

(2) Wednesday 8:30 a.m. — May retail sales. The consumer-side data point that sets the tone for the dot plot.

(3) Friday — Iran deal signing ceremony in Switzerland. The formal close to a six-week macro overhang.

Also watch: SPCX trading through the week, Adobe's stabilization or weakness, and how the AI-software complex digests the post-Adobe/Oracle reset.

12. THE CLOSING THOUGHT

The honest read of today's tape is harder than last week's framing suggested. The Iran deal is done; oil has collapsed; equities ripped Monday. But yields are up, the dollar has firmed, and the bond market is telling us tomorrow's dot plot is going to be hawkish — possibly enough to kill the rate-cut trade entirely. That tension is the story. The equity rally Monday was largely a peace dividend; the rates tape is a Warsh-Fed positioning play; and the SPCX bear case in Section 7 is a discipline exercise on whether $2.33T of market cap is defensible at any interest-rate path. All three deserve careful attention. We owe readers a more rigorous data-discipline going forward — today's editor's note is a small down-payment on that. Our positioning tilt: favor the AI-power and physical-AI picks-and-shovels over the headline orbital-AI OEMs; respect the bond market on rates and avoid duration ahead of the dot plot; size carefully around tomorrow's 2:00 p.m. event. We will be back Wednesday morning with a full FOMC preview and the live read on the dot plot's median dot.

THE BROOKSIDE BRIEF · COMPILED 9:30 AM ET · SOURCES: WSJ, CNBC, BLOOMBERG, REUTERS, BLS, BEA, SEC, SUBSTACK (LINKED P-201542262), THE OBSERVATION POST, TOM'S HARDWARE, ASWATH DAMODARAN, CITRINI RESEARCH, U.S. TREASURY

About the Analyst

James Flanagan

MBA candidate, SUNY New Paltz · CFA Level I candidate · Equity research

The Brookside Brief is researched, written, and published by one analyst, every market morning at 9:30 AM ET. The goal is a public, timestamped track record: the daily read on markets and macro, plus formal single-name research in the Coverage tab.

Prior modeling work includes CAPM/WACC and DCF builds on Rocket Lab vs. Applied Materials and NuScale Power — the NuScale model is published in full under Coverage, with the framework explained side-by-side in The Classroom's Models tab.

Editorial & methodology

Market figures are compiled from WSJ, CNBC, Bloomberg, Reuters, BLS, BEA, and the U.S. Treasury, and are as of each edition's stated date — nothing on this site is live data. Valuation work is built from primary sources: company filings (10-Ks, S-1s, Form 144s) and cited government or national-lab studies, with every key assumption disclosed in the note itself.

Corrections

When the Brief gets something wrong, the correction runs at the top of the next edition as an Editor's Note — flagged, not buried. See the June 16, 2026 edition for the policy in practice.

Macro Terminal

The Macro Read

A terminal-style snapshot of the five forces moving markets — synced to today’s brief, Wednesday, July 15, 2026.


The one-line read The Iran deal is done and oil cratered to $77 — yet yields rose and the dollar firmed. The bond market is pricing a hawkish first Warsh dot plot, not the easing the oil move would normally imply.
S&P 500
7,554.29
▲ 1.49% (+111.25)
Iran-deal rally; close Monday, June 15.
Nasdaq
26,683.94
▲ 2.38% (+619.85)
Tech led the risk-on tape on the peace dividend.
Dow Jones
51,671.03
▲ 1.20% (+612.20)
Broad participation across cyclicals.
VIX
16.20
▼ 8.37% (-1.48)
Vol crushed as the Iran risk premium drains out.
WTI Crude
$77.31
▼ 3.01% (-$2.40)
U.S. to allow Iran oil sales immediately.
Bitcoin
$86,400
▲ 2.13% (+$1,800)
Risk-on bid as geopolitical tail fades.

The tell is rates, not the rally. Equities ripped on Trump's ‘deal with Iran is now complete’ (S&P +1.49%, Nasdaq +2.38%) and oil cratered to $77 with the U.S. set to allow Iranian sales immediately. Yet the 10-year rose to 4.43% and the dollar firmed to 99.57. Stocks up, oil down, yields up, dollar up is not the dovish-easing trade — it is the market pricing a hawkish Warsh dot plot at tomorrow’s FOMC.

Rates read Yields are UP across the curve despite the Iran deal and the oil collapse — the clearest signal yet that the bond market is bracing for a hawkish first Warsh dot plot.
2-Year UST
4.32%
▲ +4 bps
Front-end firming on hike-bias repricing.
10-Year UST
4.43%
▲ +5 bps
Benchmark rising even as oil falls.
30-Year UST
4.90%
▲ +4 bps
Long bond flirting with 5% again.
2s10s Spread
+11 bps
▲ positive
Curve modestly upward-sloping.
10-Yr TIPS (real)
2.14%
▲ +3 bps
Real yield rising — genuinely restrictive.
Dollar Index
99.57
▼ 0.06% (-0.06)
DXY firm despite the risk-on equity tape.

What to watch

Lower oil should drag breakevens and pull both nominal and real yields lower. Instead every tenor rose and the real yield climbed to 2.14%. CME FedWatch now implies ~96% odds of a hold tomorrow but roughly a 60% probability the funds rate is at least 25 bps HIGHER by year-end — versus ~5% odds of a cut. Hot May PPI (+1.1%) and Warsh’s hawkish track record are the drivers. The dot plot and the 2:30 p.m. press conference are the entire show.

Inflation read Oil’s collapse to $77 is a real disinflationary impulse — but hot May PPI (+1.1%) is why the bond market won’t let yields fall.
WTI Crude
$77.31
▼ 3.01% (-$2.40)
Down ~$9 from the early-June peak.
Brent Crude
$79.85
▼ 3.99% (-$3.32)
Below $80 for the first time since April.
Gold (Spot)
$1,778
▼ 1.22% (-$22)
Gives back as real rates rise — textbook.
Silver (Spot)
$20.95
▼ 0.85% (-$0.18)
Following gold lower on firmer real yields.

The mechanism

WTI down roughly $9 from the early-June peak and Brent below $80 should pull inflation breakevens lower — and they did soften at the front end. But May PPI ran hot at +1.1%, and the Strait of Hormuz only reopens to tanker traffic within thirty days, so the relief is real but gradual. Gold giving back to $1,778 as real rates rose is the textbook reaction, not a contradiction of the disinflation story.

Growth read Monday’s Iran-peace rally was broad — but Tuesday’s futures are softening into the FOMC and Asia notably failed to follow through.
Russell 2000
2,361.10
▲ 0.79% (+18.55)
Small caps joined the rally but lagged tech.
S&P 500
7,554.29
▲ 1.49% (+111.25)
Breadth healthy on the peace dividend.
Dow Industrials
51,671.03
▲ 1.20% (+612.20)
Cyclicals broadly bid.
Nasdaq
26,683.94
▲ 2.38% (+619.85)
Tech the clear leader Monday.
USD/JPY
156.20
▲ 0.19% (+0.30)
Yen soft; carry trade intact.
EUR/USD
1.0735
▲ 0.09% (+0.0010)
Euro steady near range.

The pivot point

Monday was a clean risk-on tape led by tech, but the follow-through is shaky. U.S. futures are down ~0.2% pre-FOMC, the Hang Seng fell 1.4% on renewed China property concerns and weak May credit data, and the Nikkei closed essentially flat. Watch May retail sales tomorrow and whether the Russell can hold 2,350 — the broadening only continues if the growth data cooperates and Warsh doesn’t spook the long end.

Risk read VIX collapsed to 16.2 as the Iran risk premium drained out — but the real tail is tomorrow’s dot plot, not geopolitics.
VIX
16.20
▼ 8.37% (-1.48)
Protection cheap into a binary FOMC.
Gold (Spot)
$1,778
▼ 1.22% (-$22)
Haven bid eases as real rates rise.
Bitcoin
$86,400
▲ 2.13% (+$1,800)
Risk-on flows return as the tail fades.
UST 10Y
4.43%
▲ +5 bps
Rising into the dot plot — hawkish pricing.
USD/JPY
156.20
▲ 0.19% (+0.30)
Yen weakness keeps carry trades alive.

The asymmetry

With the Iran risk premium draining out, equity vol crushed to 16.2 and Bitcoin pushed to $86,400. But the market is pricing calm into the single biggest event of the month: Warsh’s first dot plot at 2:00 p.m. tomorrow. If the median 2026 dot prints at 3.6% (no cuts) with three hike dots, the rate-cut trade dies and the long end backs up further. That is the asymmetry — cheap vol directly ahead of a binary hawkish catalyst.

Stock Picks

Stocks to Watch

Two different jobs, kept apart: long-term positions I actually want to own, and the short-horizon names moving today.


Your PicksBuild your own calls in the same format · saved to this browser

No personal picks yet — click Add a Pick to create one in the same card format.

From Today's Brief

Core Positions

Hold · Years, not days

Businesses I want to own through a cycle, bought with a margin of safety and sized to be held while the thesis plays out. These do not change with the tape — they change when the reason for owning them changes.

Momentum & Today's Trades

From today's brief

Names the tape is moving today, pulled straight from Section 9 of the latest edition. Short-horizon and event-driven — this list turns over constantly, and is not a set of recommendations.

For informational purposes only and not investment advice. The Brookside Brief is not a registered investment adviser or broker-dealer. Figures are drawn from the morning brief dated May 20, 2026 and reflect a point-in-time snapshot. Do your own research and consult a licensed professional before trading.
Coverage

Coverage Universe

Formal single-name research, initiated with a full published model and updated as the thesis evolves. Ratings are scenario anchors — Bear / Base / Bull — not trade calls.


Coverage notes are educational research published by a student analyst to build a public track record. They are not investment advice or a recommendation to buy or sell any security. Models simplify; assumptions are disclosed so you can disagree with them.
The Classroom

Finance, Explained

Everything the Brief assumes you know — from "what's a basis point?" to building an LBO. No jargon left undefined.


How to use this The terms that appear in the Brief nearly every week, in plain English. Search anything, or filter by level — Basics if you're new to markets, Advanced if you're prepping for interviews or an MBA classroom. Each card ends with why the term actually matters when you're reading the morning brief.

The mental models Eight ideas that explain most of what happens in markets on any given morning. Master these and the Macro Terminal stops being jargon and starts being obvious. Click any one to expand it.
Nominal vs. Real Rates Why a 4.5% yield can be worth only 2% — and why gold and tech care

Every yield you see quoted is a nominal rate — the sticker price of money. What investors actually earn is the real rate: the return left over after inflation eats its share. If the 10-year Treasury pays 4.52% and the market expects inflation of about 2.3%, your purchasing power only grows about 2.2% a year.

4.52%
Nominal 10-yr yield
2.30%
Expected inflation (breakeven)
=
≈ 2.2%
Real yield
The real rate is the true cost of money — observable directly as the TIPS yield

The market measures expected inflation through breakevens — the gap between regular Treasury yields and TIPS (inflation-protected) yields. Rising real rates mean genuinely tighter financial conditions, and they punish two things hardest: long-duration growth stocks (whose value sits in distant future cash flows) and gold (which pays no yield at all, so its competition just got better-paying).

See it in the BriefThe rates table carries a line called "10-Yr TIPS (real)." When the note says "elevated," it means conditions are restrictive — that single line explains many tech-selloff mornings.
How a Fed Cut (or Hike) Moves Markets The transmission chain from one overnight rate to your entire portfolio

The Fed directly sets exactly one thing: the overnight fed funds rate that banks charge each other. Everything else — mortgages, stock valuations, the dollar — moves because markets reprice their expectations of where that rate is going.

One overnight rate, five dominoes

Because markets trade the expected path, the announcement often matters less than the language around it. Fed funds futures convert trader bets into live probabilities ("32% odds of a December hike"), and the quarterly dot plot shows where officials themselves expect rates to go. This is why a "hawkish hold" — no change, tough talk — can hit stocks as hard as an actual hike.

See it in the Brief"December-hike odds sit at 32%" is fed funds futures math — the market's live vote on the Fed, updating tick by tick, days before any meeting.
Reading the Yield Curve One chart that summarizes growth, inflation, and recession odds

Plot Treasury yields from 3 months out to 30 years and you get the yield curve — the bond market's complete opinion about the future, in one line. Normally it slopes upward: lenders demand extra yield to lock money up longer. The interesting part is when it doesn't.

3M 2Y 10Y 30Y YIELD → Normal — growth priced in Flat — transition / uncertainty Inverted — cuts & recession risk
The slope is the signal: short rates reflect the Fed today, long rates reflect the economy tomorrow

An inverted curve — short yields above long yields — means the market believes today's rates are too high to last and cuts are coming, historically a recession warning. The most-watched summary is the 2s10s spread (10-year minus 2-year). A steepening curve usually signals improving growth expectations; the Brief reads it exactly that way ("curve normalization continues — recession signal fading"). The long end can also rise for an uglier reason — deficits and bond supply — which is the term premium story.

See it in the BriefThe Macro Terminal's Rates tab quotes 2s10s directly ("+86 bps, steepening") and the auction calendar ("watch the 1:00 PM 20-year auction") tracks the supply side.
CPI vs. PPI vs. PCE Three inflation gauges, one pipeline — and which one the Fed actually targets

Inflation isn't one number; it's measured at three points along the pipeline from factory to Fed.

Upstream prices flow downstream — energy reaches CPI with roughly a 4–6 week lag

Each gauge comes in headline (everything) and core (excluding food and energy) versions. Core isn't a claim that groceries don't matter — it strips out the volatile components that often reverse, to expose the underlying trend the Fed can actually influence. That's why a hot headline with a cool core can be a good print.

See it in the Brief"Consensus looks for core CPI at +0.3% m/m" — the month-over-month core number is the line traders trade. And "oil flows through to CPI with a 4–6 week lag" is the pipeline above in action.
Duration Why long bonds and tech stocks fall together when yields rise

Duration measures how sensitive an asset's price is to interest-rate moves — and it's driven by how far away the asset's cash flows are. A bond paying you back in 2 years barely flinches when rates move; a 30-year bond swings hard. Rule of thumb: price change ≈ −duration × yield change. TLT (the 20+ year Treasury ETF) carries a duration near 17, so a 0.5% rise in long yields knocks roughly 8.5% off its price.

IF YIELDS RISE 1%, PRICE FALLS BY ROUGHLY… 2-yr note −1.9% 10-yr note −8.1% 30-yr bond −17.6% Growth stock same physics
Illustrative. The further away the cash flows, the harder a rate move lands

Here's the leap: stocks have duration too. A growth company expected to earn most of its money five to ten years from now is economically a long-duration asset — most of its value sits in distant cash flows that get discounted harder when rates rise. A utility paying steady dividends today is short-duration. This is the entire mechanism behind "yields up, Nasdaq down" mornings, and why the same 10 bps move barely touches the Dow.

See it in the Brief"That distinction could be worth 20–30 basis points on the 10-year and 5–8% on the multi-year-duration growth complex" — that sentence is duration math applied to tech stocks. The "duration-insensitive AI-power thesis" is its mirror image: contracted cash flows that don't care about rates.
Risk-On, Risk-Off & Rotation How to tell a real rally from money just changing seats

Markets have two broad moods. Risk-on: money flows toward equities, small caps, crypto, and credit — assets that pay off when things go well. Risk-off: money runs to Treasuries, gold, the yen, and the dollar — assets that hold value when things don't. Watching which group is bid tells you the market's mood faster than any headline.

Risk-on
Small caps, cyclicals, credit, crypto bid · gold and Treasuries sold
Risk-off
Treasuries, gold, dollar, staples bid · high-beta sold
A genuine rally lifts both sides of the ledger; a rotation just moves money between them

Rotation is the third state: money moving within equities without leaving — growth to value, tech to cyclicals, megacaps to small caps. The tell is divergence: when the Dow surges 1.7% while the Nasdaq falls, no new money entered the market; existing money found a new home. Index-level numbers can hide this completely, which is why breadth (how many stocks participate) matters more than the headline level.

See it in the Brief"This is a rotation, not a rally" — the Macro Terminal's one-line read on a +875 Dow / flat Nasdaq day. The Russell 2000's relative performance is the Brief's favorite rotation tell.
What a P/E Actually Prices Multiples are compressed expectations — and rates are their gravity

A P/E of 25x doesn't mean a stock is "expensive" any more than 12x means "cheap." A multiple is the market's expectations compressed into one number: how fast earnings will grow, how durable they are, and how risky. A grocery chain at 25x is wildly expensive; a software company growing 40% a year at 25x might be a bargain. Multiples only mean something compared to the company's own history, its peers, and the level of interest rates.

$100
Share price
÷
$4.00
Earnings per share
=
25x
P/E — 25 years of today's profit
A multiple is a compressed forecast: growth, risk and the level of rates, in one number

Two forces drive every stock return: earnings growth and multiple change. When a stock falls faster than its earnings estimates, the market is paying less per dollar of the same earnings — a de-rating. The reverse — a re-rating — is how stocks can double while earnings rise 30%. And because the 10-year yield is the alternative to owning any stock, rising rates compress all multiples at once: that's the "gravity."

See it in the Brief"The CrowdStrike, Salesforce, and Broadcom de-ratings" — those stocks didn't lose earnings; they lost multiple. Watching whether Adobe's print can "re-rate AI software" is a bet on the multiple, not the quarter.
Why Guidance Beats the Quarter The market is a forecasting machine — the last 90 days are already in the price

By the time a company reports earnings, the quarter being reported is three months old and largely priced in — analysts have modeled it, buy-side desks have surveyed it, options have priced the reaction (the implied move). What is not in the price is the future: management's guidance for next quarter and the year. That's why a company can beat estimates and fall 10% — a beat with cut guidance is bad news wearing a good-news costume.

Ninety days of history against an updated view of every year ahead

The pattern to internalize: stocks move on surprise versus expectations, never on absolute results. "Priced for perfection" means expectations are so high that even great results disappoint. Washed-out sentiment and heavy short interest mean the opposite — a merely fine print can spark a squeeze. Position and expectation are as important as fundamentals on any earnings night.

See it in the Brief"The bull line is Q2 revenue guidance above $90B" — note that the line is drawn on guidance, not the reported quarter. And "a low bar (down 22% YTD)" is the expectations setup doing the work.
Earnings vs. Cash Flow Profit is an opinion. Cash is a fact.

Net income is an accounting construct. It is calculated after non-cash charges like depreciation, after revenue that has been booked but not yet collected, and after dozens of judgement calls about timing. Free cash flow asks a blunter question: how much money actually ended up in the bank after paying to keep the business running and growing?

Net income
What the income statement says
+
D&A
Charges that cost no cash
Capex + ΔNWC
Cash the business absorbs
=
Free cash flow
What you could actually take out
The bridge from reported profit to spendable cash

The single most useful diagnostic in equity research is the ratio of operating cash flow to net income. Sustained above 1.0x, reported earnings are conservative and backed by cash. Drifting below 1.0x for several quarters, profits are being recognised faster than customers pay — which is how accounting problems announce themselves long before a restatement does.

This is also why a company can be profitable and still fail. Growth consumes working capital and capex before it produces cash, and a business that runs out of money while posting positive net income is a perfectly ordinary bankruptcy.

See it in the BriefWhen a note flags that "capex is growing faster than revenue," this is the concern underneath it — reported earnings hold up while free cash flow quietly shrinks. It is the central tension in the whole AI-infrastructure trade.
The Capital Structure Who gets paid first, and why equity is the last in line

A company's assets are claimed in a strict order. Secured lenders are paid first, then unsecured and subordinated debt, then preferred shares, and whatever remains belongs to common equity. In good times this ordering is invisible. In bad times it is the only thing that matters.

PAID FIRST Senior secured debt collateral backing Unsecured / subordinated debt higher coupon, second loss Preferred equity fixed claim, no vote Common equity the residual — all the upside, and the first loss PAID LAST
Each layer is only worth something once every layer above it has been made whole

Two consequences follow. First, leverage magnifies equity returns in both directions: a company worth $900M with $500M of debt has $400M of equity, and a 20% fall in enterprise value wipes out 45% of the equity. Second, when a business is distressed, the interesting question stops being "what is the stock worth" and becomes "where does value break" — which layer of the structure is the last one still fully covered.

See it in the BriefEvery time a note says a company is "funding capex with debt" or flags a maturity wall, it is pointing at this diagram. The LBO template in The Models is this waterfall turned into a spreadsheet.
Capex Cycles & Reflexivity How a boom finances itself — and why the unwind is never gentle

Capital spending booms are self-reinforcing. A rising share price lowers a company's cost of capital, which makes it rational to spend more; the spending shows up as revenue at its suppliers, whose shares rise, which lowers their cost of capital. George Soros called this reflexivity: perception and fundamentals feeding each other rather than one simply reflecting the other.

The same chain runs backwards just as efficiently

What breaks it is rarely demand disappearing. It is usually the second derivative — spending still growing, but growing more slowly. Because the loop was priced for acceleration, deceleration is enough to reverse it. This is why a supplier can beat estimates, grow 30%, and still fall 15% in a session.

The practical lesson is about concentration. In a reflexive cycle the suppliers' revenue quality depends entirely on a handful of buyers, so customer concentration and backlog quality matter more than the headline growth rate. A backlog is only as good as the customer's ability to pay for it.

See it in the BriefThe recurring AI-capex coverage is this concept in real time — hyperscaler budgets setting the demand curve for semis and power, and the Brief repeatedly asking who actually owes the money behind a "record backlog."
Credit Spreads The market's early-warning system — and why equity investors watch it

A credit spread is the extra yield a company must pay over a Treasury of the same maturity. It is the price of default risk, and it is set by a market that is structurally more pessimistic than the equity market: bondholders have no upside beyond being repaid, so they spend their time thinking about what could go wrong.

7.8%
High-yield corporate bond
4.4%
Treasury, same maturity
=
340 bps
Credit spread
Roughly 300 bps is calm; past 600 bps the market is pricing real defaults

Spreads matter to equity holders for two reasons. They are a leading indicator — credit markets have historically widened before equity markets fall, because the same balance-sheet stress hits lenders first. And they are a direct input to valuation: wider spreads raise the cost of debt, which raises WACC, which lowers the present value of every future cash flow.

The tell to watch for is divergence. Equities rallying while high-yield spreads widen means the two markets disagree about the same companies, and the credit market is usually the one that turns out to be right.

See it in the BriefWhen a note says "watch credit" alongside an equity rally, this divergence is what it means — and it is why refinancing risk gets flagged on levered names long before the equity reacts.
Market Breadth When the index is up and almost nothing else is

The S&P 500 is weighted by market capitalisation, so the largest companies dominate it. When a handful of megacaps carry the index, the headline number stops describing the market and starts describing those few companies. Breadth is the set of measures that reveal the difference.

Cap-weighted index +14% Equal-weight +1% SAME INDEX, SAME PERIOD, TWO VERY DIFFERENT STORIES
Illustrative. The gap between these two lines is breadth

The simplest check is the equal-weight index against the cap-weighted one: if the equal-weight version is flat while the headline rises, a few names are doing all the work. Other measures do the same job — advance-decline lines, the share of members above their 200-day average, and how many stocks made new highs on a day the index did.

Narrow rallies are fragile because the index inherits the risk of a few companies, and diversification becomes an illusion. Broad rallies, where small caps and cyclicals participate, tend to reflect an actual improvement in the economy rather than a crowded trade.

See it in the BriefPhrases like "breadth healthy" or "the Russell lagged" in the Growth tab of the Macro Terminal are breadth commentary — the question of whether a rally is the market or just its five largest members.
What "Priced In" Actually Means Why good news sells off, and bad news sometimes rallies

A share price is not a verdict on how good a company is. It is the market's aggregate forecast, already adjusted for everything currently known. That means prices do not move on news — they move on the difference between news and what was expected.

The number matters far less than the number relative to what was assumed

This explains the behaviour that most confuses new readers. A company reports record profits and the stock falls, because consensus expected slightly more. A company posts a loss and rallies, because the loss was smaller than feared. A rate cut everyone forecast produces no move at all, because the cut was in the price weeks earlier.

It also sets the bar for research. Finding a good company is not an edge — everyone can see it, and the price reflects it. An edge requires a view that differs from consensus and a reason the market will eventually agree with you. That is the whole purpose of the variant-perception discipline.

See it in the BriefEvery "beat but fell" line in the earnings coverage is this concept. It is also why the Brief quotes the options-implied move before a print: that is the market telling you how much surprise it has already budgeted for.
The Divergence How the economy can be booming and cracking at the same time

"The economy" is not one thing. Split the data by who is being surveyed and it frequently separates into two economies moving in opposite directions: the business-facing side — purchasing managers, capital spending, industrial orders — and the household-facing side — payrolls, retail sales, delinquencies, consumer confidence.

Business-facing — surveys, capex, orders Household-facing — jobs, spending, credit TREND
Illustrative. When these two separate, the headline number describes whichever side you happened to measure

The two can diverge for a long time because they are driven by different things. A capital-spending boom is funded by corporate balance sheets and capital markets; household demand runs on wages, employment and credit availability. An investment cycle can therefore accelerate while consumers are tightening — the spending lands as revenue at suppliers, not as income at households, at least at first.

Practically, this means an economic argument is often just two people quoting different halves of the same data set. The useful question is not "is the economy strong" but "which side of it is strong, who is funding it, and what happens if that funding stops." A boom carried entirely by one side is more fragile than a headline growth rate suggests.

See it in the BriefA flash composite PMI at a 52-month high sitting alongside soft payrolls and weak retail is exactly this split — and it is why the Sector Spotlight tracks the business and household sides as separate stories rather than averaging them into one.
GAAP vs. Non-GAAP Earnings Two profit numbers for one quarter, and which to believe

Every earnings release contains at least two profit figures. GAAP earnings follow the accounting standard all filers must use. Non-GAAP — "adjusted" — is management's own presentation, with costs they consider unrepresentative removed. Both are disclosed; the headline usually quotes the adjusted one.

GAAP EPS
The standardised number
+
Add-backs
Restructuring · deal costs · often stock comp
=
Non-GAAP EPS
The number in the press release
The interesting information is in the middle box, not the ends

Some adjustments are entirely fair — a genuine one-time legal settlement tells you nothing about next year. Others deserve scepticism. Stock-based compensation is the classic case: it is a real cost of employing people, paid in shares rather than cash, and adding it back treats dilution as though it were free. "Restructuring" charges that appear every year for five straight years are not one-off either.

Two habits are worth forming. Read the reconciliation table rather than the headline, since that is where the add-backs are itemised. And watch the direction of the gap over time: a spread that widens each year means the adjusted number is drifting further from what the accounting rules produce. Occasionally the gap inverts and GAAP lands above non-GAAP, which usually means management excluded a gain — the reverse of the usual incentive, and always worth understanding.

See it in the BriefWhen an earnings note quotes both figures rather than just the headline, this is why. A company reporting GAAP of $2.46 against non-GAAP of $2.22 is doing something unusual, and the reconciliation explains what.
What "Underlying Inflation" Means Four ways to strip the noise out of a price index — and what each one hides

Central bankers rarely target the headline inflation rate. They target some notion of underlying inflation — the part of price change that reflects a persistent trend rather than a one-off shock. The trouble is that there is no single agreed measure, and each candidate answers a slightly different question.

Each step answers a different question — none of them is simply "the real number"

Core is the crude version: it removes food and energy every month by rule, whether or not those were the volatile items that month. Trimmed-mean measures are more honest about the intent — they discard the largest movers in both directions, so a shelter spike gets trimmed just as readily as an oil crash.

Diffusion is the one most often misread. It counts the share of categories rising, weighting a component worth 0.1% of the basket exactly the same as one worth 15%. That makes it a genuine measure of breadth and a poor measure of magnitude: hundreds of small services categories running hot can make diffusion look alarming while the index households actually experience barely moves — and it can look benign while one enormous category carries the whole overshoot.

The practical discipline is to ask which measure someone is quoting before accepting the conclusion. When a policymaker states a standard — that underlying inflation must be moving to target "clearly and at sufficient speed" — the definition they have in mind determines whether the data already meets it.

See it in the BriefThe primer on what "underlying inflation" actually means was written for exactly this reason: a chair naming a specific standard makes the choice of measure the whole argument, and the Brief tracks which one is being used.
The analyst's toolkit Three frameworks do most of the valuation work on Wall Street: the DCF asks what a business is intrinsically worth, comps ask what the market is currently paying for similar businesses, and the LBO asks what a private-equity buyer could pay and still hit their return. Every investment-banking and MBA valuation course is some arrangement of these three.
Model 01 · Intrinsic Value

Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)

"A company is worth all the cash it will ever generate — counted in today's dollars."

The intuition: $100 arriving next year is worth less than $100 today, because today's $100 could be earning the going rate of interest. A DCF projects the cash a business will throw off, then shrinks ("discounts") each year's cash back to present value. Add it all up and you have what the business is worth today — independent of whatever mood the market is in.

Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4 Yr 5 Terminal value PROJECTED FREE CASH FLOWS VALUE TODAY sum of PVs discounted back at WACC (the riskier the cash, the higher the rate)
Five years of projected cash plus a terminal value, all pulled back to the present
The five steps
  1. Project free cash flow. Model revenue growth, margins, and capex for 5–10 years. This is where the real thinking lives — the spreadsheet is just arithmetic.
  2. Pick a discount rate. Usually WACC — the blended return the company's investors require. Riskier business, higher rate, lower value.
  3. Estimate terminal value. The value of everything beyond the forecast, via a modest perpetual growth rate or an exit multiple. It is often 60–80% of the total — handle with care.
  4. Discount and sum. Pull every cash flow back to today and add them up: that's enterprise value.
  5. Bridge to the share price. Subtract net debt, divide by shares — then sensitivity-test everything, because the output is a range, never a number.
The classic pitfallGarbage in, gospel out. A DCF's precision is seductive, but nudging WACC from 8% to 9% or terminal growth by half a point can swing the value 20%+. That's how Damodaran and the SpaceX S-1 can both run a DCF on the same company and land $475 billion apart — the disagreement is in the assumptions, and the assumptions are the analysis.
Take the template

A blank, scenario-driven DCF built to the structure above — ten forecast years, a CAPM discount-rate build, and a Bear / Base / Bull switch that flips the whole model from one cell.

Sheets: Read Me · Assumptions · DCF Model (with sensitivity grid)
Download the DCF template (Excel, .xlsx)
Free to use and adapt. Ships with a worked example — overwrite every blue cell with your own.
Model 02 · Relative Value

Comparable Company Analysis ("Comps")

"What is the market paying right now for businesses like this one?"

Comps skip the crystal ball entirely: instead of projecting the future, you price a company off its peers using multiples — P/E, EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue. It's how a realtor prices a house: find three similar ones nearby, see what they sold for per square foot, apply that rate. The close cousin, precedent transactions, uses prices paid in actual acquisitions instead — those run higher because buyers pay a control premium.

Worked example — pricing off the peer set
CompanyEV/EBITDAP/E
Peer A14.2x22.1x
Peer B16.8x25.4x
Peer C15.1x23.8x
Peer median15.1x23.8x
Your company — EPS $4.0023.8x × $4.00 ≈ $95/share
Median peer multiple × your company's metric = implied value
The five steps
  1. Pick the peer set. Same sector, similar size, growth, and margins. This is the hardest and most manipulated step — the answer moves with the roster.
  2. Spread the multiples. Compute EV/EBITDA, P/E, and EV/Sales for every peer from current prices and estimates.
  3. Take the median and range. The median resists outliers; the range becomes your valuation band.
  4. Apply to your company. Median multiple × your company's EBITDA (or EPS) = implied value.
  5. Argue the premium or discount. Faster growth, better margins, stronger moat → above the median. This argument is the actual analysis.
The classic pitfallComps tell you the price of the neighborhood, not whether the neighborhood is fairly priced. In a bubble, everything comps beautifully against everything else — relative value can make five overvalued companies all look "cheap" versus each other.
Take the template

Eight peer slots, automatic EV bridges and multiples, full percentile statistics, and a second sheet that turns the peer median into an implied value per share for your target.

Sheets: Read Me · Comps · Implied Valuation
Download the Comps template (Excel, .xlsx)
Free to use and adapt. Statistics ignore blank rows, so use as few or as many peers as you have.
Model 03 · Private Equity

Leveraged Buyout (LBO)

"Buy with mostly borrowed money, let the company's own cash repay the debt, sell, keep the upside."

The house-flip analogy is exact: put 20% down on a rental property, let the tenant's rent pay the mortgage for five years, sell at a modest gain — and your equity has multiplied even though the house barely appreciated. A private-equity firm does the same with companies: fund the purchase with 50–70% debt, use the company's cash flows to pay it down, and exit. Debt paydown converts directly into equity value.

Equity 35% Debt 65% Equity ≈ 3× Debt repaid cash flows repay debt BUY — YEAR 0 SELL — YEAR 5
Same company, five years later: the debt slice shrank, so the equity slice grew
The five steps
  1. Sources & uses. Price the deal and decide the mix: typically 50–70% debt, the rest sponsor equity.
  2. Project the cash flows. EBITDA growth, capex, working capital — with excess cash "swept" to repay debt every year.
  3. Build the debt schedule. Each tranche's interest and paydown, year by year. Leverage falls as EBITDA grows.
  4. Assume an exit. Sell in ~5 years at an EBITDA multiple, usually near the entry multiple to keep the math honest.
  5. Compute the returns. IRR and MOIC on the equity check. PE funds typically target ~20%+ IRR / 2x+ multiple of money.
The classic pitfallLeverage cuts both ways. The same debt that triples the equity on plan can wipe it out entirely if EBITDA misses by 20% — which is why classic LBO targets are boring, stable-cash-flow businesses, not story stocks.
Take the template

A five-year LBO with sources & uses, a two-tranche capital structure, a cash-sweep debt schedule, and an IRR grid across exit multiple and exit year.

Sheets: Read Me · Assumptions · LBO Model · Returns
Download the LBO template (Excel, .xlsx)
Free to use and adapt. Set exit multiple equal to entry to see the return you actually control.
Model 04 · Worked Example

The NuScale DCF — Model 01 with Real Numbers

"A framework is only as honest as the numbers you feed it."

Everything in Model 01, pointed at a real ticker: NuScale Power (SMR), the small-modular-reactor designer. The revenue build starts from physics — 77 MWe per module × 8,760 hours × 95% capacity factor × a $110/MWh power price ≈ $70.5M of plant revenue per running module per year — of which NuScale, as the supplier rather than the plant owner, captures ~20%, plus a 15% license-and-services attach. Ramp the ENTRA1 fleet to 72 modules by 2040, subtract a corporate cost base growing from $180M to $305M, and discount at an 18.7% CAPM cost of equity (risk-free 4.45% + beta 2.25 × 5% ERP + 3% execution premium; no debt, so WACC = cost of equity).

Bear
$1.80
Base
$2.58
Bull
$7.17
Market price · Jul 10
$9.00
Sensitivity — value per share ($), WACC × terminal growth
WACC ↓ · g →2.0%2.5%3.0%3.3%
12%4.945.135.355.49
14%3.753.863.974.05
16%3.043.113.173.22
18.7%2.512.542.582.60
20%2.362.382.412.43
22%2.212.222.242.25
How the model is built
  1. Revenue from physics, not hope. Module capacity × hours × capacity factor × $/MWh gives plant revenue per module; NuScale's 20% capture and 15% services attach convert that to company revenue.
  2. Ramp the fleet. Zero modules until 2030, then the ENTRA1 schedule to 72 by 2040 — the bear case stops at 60, the bull reaches 78.
  3. Cost it honestly. ~73% gross margin at $110/MWh ($30/MWh fuel + O&M), against a corporate opex line that never stops growing, plus $40M of NuScale capex per module built.
  4. Build the discount rate from CAPM. 4.45% risk-free + 2.25 beta × 5% equity risk premium + 3% size/execution premium = 18.7%. High beta is the price of being pre-revenue with FOAK risk.
  5. Terminal value, then the bridge. Gordon growth on normalized 2040 FCF, add $1,287M of net cash, divide by 365.5M diluted shares → $2.58 base.
The pitfall this example teaches Terminal value does all the work. The explicit 2027–2040 cash flows sum to negative $694M of present value — every dollar of the valuation lives in the terminal year and the cash pile. When TV is more than 100% of enterprise value, a "DCF price target" is really a leveraged bet on the discount rate — which is exactly why the sensitivity table above, not the single $2.58 number, is the honest output.
See it in the wild The full note — thesis, WACC build, scenario table, and what would change the call — is published in the Coverage tab → NuScale (SMR).
The curriculum The Classroom covers what you need to read the Brief; these are the places to go further — the reference desk first, then the newsletters actually cited as sources in these pages, then the books worth the shelf space. Everything in Reference & Data is free; newsletters are marked where they are paid.
Reference & Data Where terms get defined and claims get checked. Free, and roughly ordered beginner to advanced.
The dictionary

The reference desk of finance. Any term you ever hit in the Brief — or anywhere — has a clear, example-driven page here.

Beginner → Intermediate
From absolute zero

Short videos from "what is a stock?" through bonds, inflation, and banking. The gentlest possible on-ramp.

Beginner
Chart any macro series

Free official data for everything the Brief discusses — CPI, the 2s10s spread, real yields, payrolls — charted back decades. Where macro claims get checked.

All levels
Structured fundamentals

Course-style free guides on accounting, valuation, and modeling — more structured than Investopedia when you want to learn a topic end-to-end.

Beginner → Intermediate
How analysts are trained

The firm that trains incoming IB analysts publishes its knowledge base free: deep, practical walkthroughs of DCFs, comps, LBOs, and accounting edge cases.

Intermediate → Advanced
The valuation professor

NYU's "dean of valuation" posts his full MBA courses, spreadsheets, and datasets free — the same frameworks behind his SpaceX analysis in the Brief. Also on YouTube.

Intermediate → Advanced
Build models by hand

Free video series that constructs a 3-statement model, DCF, and LBO from a blank spreadsheet, one cell at a time. The fastest way to make the Models tab concrete.

Intermediate
Pro-grade templates

The reference Excel templates for DCF, comps, LBO, and merger models — the formats used on actual deal teams. Best after you've built one yourself.

Advanced
How Wall Street actually works

A free daily Bloomberg newsletter explaining the mechanics behind the headlines — funny, deep, and the best bridge from textbook finance to the real thing.

Intermediate
The analyst's credential

The Level I curriculum — ethics, financial statement analysis, equity, fixed income, portfolio theory — is the closest thing to an official map of what a professional analyst is expected to know, and the framework behind this site's Coverage models. The topic outline and study-session structure are free on the site.

Intermediate → Advanced
Newsletters & Substacks The independent research actually cited as sources in the Brief, plus the ones worth reading alongside it. Most publish free; paid tiers are flagged.
Thematic trade construction

The most-cited outside source in this Brief. Cross-asset thematic research that always ends with the actual expression of the idea — which basket, which instrument, which leg. The reference point for how a theme becomes a position rather than an opinion.

Intermediate → Advanced
Aswath Damodaran · valuation, in public

The Stern professor already in Reference & Data, in newsletter form: full valuations of whatever is in the headlines, spreadsheets attached, assumptions exposed. The closest thing to watching a valuation get built in real time.

Intermediate → Advanced
Semis, from the engineering up

Semiconductor analysis written by someone who understands the physics, not just the P/E — process nodes, packaging, HBM supply, conference recaps. The antidote to reading the AI trade purely through stock charts.

Advanced
Peter Farac · systematic macro

A former systematic-macro PM arguing, with charts, about why traditional macro trading stopped working — deficits, growth, and flows rather than narrative. Deliberately contrarian about the frameworks everyone else quotes.

Advanced
Real assets & hidden value

Ex-BofA equity research on the unglamorous end of the market: water rights, hard assets, micro-caps, and balance sheets holding things worth more than the market realizes. Source for the Brief's July 2 water-assets work.

Intermediate → Advanced
Flows, demand, and where money moves

Capital flows, supply-and-demand dynamics, and consumer behavior — useful for the structural questions that don't show up in a single earnings print.

Intermediate
Top-down, high-conviction ideas

Top-down thematic work from a former multi-billion-dollar fund manager — early on photonics, now on edge and physical AI. Overlaps directly with the physical-AI thesis this Brief keeps returning to.

Intermediate → Advanced
Leopold Aschenbrenner · the AI buildout thesis

Not a newsletter but a free long-form essay series — the most-cited articulation of what trillion-dollar AI compute buildouts imply for power, capital, and geopolitics. Read it as the bull case's intellectual foundation, then argue with it.

Intermediate → Advanced
Michael Burry · the bear case, unmuzzled

Burry writing without compliance constraints for the first time — accounting skepticism, depreciation schedules, and bubble history aimed squarely at AI capex. Worth reading precisely because it argues the opposite of Situational Awareness above. Free posts are limited; the archive is subscription-only.

Advanced
Books The shelf behind the Brief — one professional manual, several histories, and the books that teach judgment rather than mechanics.
Best Practices for Equity Research Analysts
James J. Valentine, CFA
The job, described

The closest thing the profession has to a training manual: how to build models that survive contact with reality, find information edge, run channel checks, and communicate a call. The structural template behind this site's Coverage notes.

Intermediate → Advanced
Reminiscences of a Stock Operator
Edwin Lefèvre (1923)
The oldest lessons still true

A thinly fictionalized life of Jesse Livermore, and the book working traders quote most. A century of market plumbing has changed; the psychology in it has not aged a day.

Beginner → Intermediate
A Random Walk Down Wall Street
Burton G. Malkiel
The case against people like us

The strongest popular argument that active analysis cannot beat an index fund. Read it early and take it seriously — a research process that can't answer Malkiel isn't a process.

Beginner
The Black Swan
Nassim Nicholas Taleb
Why the model breaks

On the outsized role of rare, unpredictable events and the false comfort of normal distributions. The reason serious work publishes a scenario range instead of a single price target.

Intermediate
Liar's Poker
Michael Lewis
How the sell side really works

Lewis's 1980s Salomon Brothers memoir — the origin story of mortgage trading and the definitive account of the culture that produces the research everyone quotes.

Beginner
Flash Boys
Michael Lewis
Market structure, made visible

High-frequency trading, dark pools, and what actually happens between clicking buy and owning the stock. The plumbing beneath every price the Brief quotes.

Beginner → Intermediate
Barbarians at the Gate
Bryan Burrough & John Helyar
The LBO, as narrative

The RJR Nabisco buyout in full — the best possible companion to the LBO modelcard in The Models. Every abstraction in that framework appears here with names, egos, and consequences attached.

Intermediate
Principles: Life and Work
Ray Dalio
Decision-making as a system

Bridgewater's founder on radical transparency, writing down your rules, and treating mistakes as data. The argument for keeping a timestamped, public track record — the reason this site exists in its current form.

Intermediate
How Will You Measure Your Life?
Clayton M. Christensen
The part finance forgets

The Harvard strategy professor turning his frameworks on the question of what a career is actually for. A useful counterweight when the pursuit of the next credential starts to feel like the point.

All levels
Margin of Safety
Seth A. Klarman (1991)
Risk first, return second

The Baupost founder's case that avoiding permanent loss — not maximising upside — is what compounds. Long out of print and absurdly priced secondhand, but PDFs circulate widely and the ideas are the point: buy assets for less than they are worth, and size the position so being wrong is survivable.

Intermediate → Advanced
Distressed Debt Analysis
Stephen G. Moyer
Valuation when the equity may be worth zero

The standard text on analysing companies in or near bankruptcy: where value breaks in the capital structure, how covenants and priority actually behave, and how a restructuring converts debt into equity. The discipline that makes the LBO model's debt schedule feel less like arithmetic and more like a claim on a real business.

Advanced
The Classroom is educational material, not investment advice, and simplifies deliberately — real-world practice has more edge cases than any explainer. External links and recommended readings are provided for convenience and reflect one analyst's reading list; The Brookside Brief is not affiliated with, compensated by, or endorsing any linked publication, author, or seller. Paid newsletters are flagged as such.